Human Immunodeficiency Virus - A nurse leader

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an RNA virus, which converts the DNA-RNA, which makes it a retrovirus. Retroviruses use single-stranded RNA as a template for double-stranded DNA with a viral enzyme to be done. A person with HIV leads to a complex disease such as clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is known to be infected, which may require more than ten years to develop.

HIV contains a protein called reverse transcriptase, which is essential for viralReplication within T-cells. This will eventually cause the immune system closes a very low tolerance to infectious diseases and possibly death.

Health Virus

HIV heterosexual couples will be passed when the virus from an infected person passes from the blood of another person, or may occur through unprotected sex between same sex and there is a small chance of infection through unprotected sex for orally, although the exact size of the risk of unclear. There is no methodSecurity barrier that completely eliminates the risk, but the use of condoms is the safest form of protection taken into account.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus - A nurse leader

HIV can also, when people use dirty needles for injection or tattoos are gone, this can be avoided by using disposable needles or sterilized. People who inject drugs can avoid infection by never sharing needles, can also be transferred, in rare cases, using a needle that was used by an infected person blocked. In addition, aBaby, the disease having been born from an infected mother or through breastfeeding from an infected woman to contract.

Since the early symptoms of HIV are not always obvious, a person may be capable of transmitting virus before recognizing that they are infected. HIV can not be passed on through normal day to day, like sitting on toilet seats or shaking hands.

Like all viruses, HIV envelope is composed only of genetic material, some protein and a protective layer,its genetic material, made of single-stranded RNA molecules, contains all the information needed to make more virus. HIV can not reproduce outside the cell, but when HIV invades a living cell, the cell is in a factory to produce more HIV.

The development of HIV occurs when the virus infects CD4 T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells, HIV weakens the immune system and leaves the infected person open to deadly infections. The viruses gainAccess to T lymphocytes by CD4 protein on the outer surface of the cell membrane. HIV infects human cells, by binding to its glycoprotein gp120 and gp41 of specific molecules on the cell surface. Only those cells that carry these molecules are susceptible to infection with HIV.

In 1980, scientists quickly realized that CD4 is a molecule that is mentioned in particular on some T-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cells) was found on primaryBinding site, but it was only in 1996, the other co-receptors necessary for infection were identified. Fusion of virus with the cell membrane enables the viral nucleotide sequence of the cells to give.

As HIV disease progresses, called variant HIV-synctium inducing (SI) strains within each institution for development. Variations You can use an additional co-receptor on human cells, called CXCR4. This allows HIV to infect a wider range of cells. After the merger took place,reverse transcription is performed on viral genomic RNA to convert into DNA double helix. The viral DNA is transported into the nucleus and is integrated or incorporated in the normal cellular chromosomal DNA.

When the proper activation signals are present, begin the process of production of new virions. With the replication machinery of the host cell, the viral DNA is integrated transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) and to make new strands of viral genomic RNA. The viral mRNA is thentranslated into a string of protein that is divided into several viral proteins.

Assembly of new virions occurs within the cell, and new HIV particles are released by budding from the cell surface, a piece of the cell membrane as envelope.

HIV replication can directly kill CD4 + T-lymphocytes. The loss of these cells and cripples the immune system is a mechanism caused by infection with HIV-AIDS.

People with HIV can look and feel completely, but their immune system may be damaged. There is no evidence of HIV or AIDS is set, in general, if a person infected with HIV are unaware that they were infected, but some can suffer from flu-like illness Shortly after infection. It 'important to note that if someone is infected, go for HIV, although feel comfortable.

As time passes, the more likely it is to damage the immune system have occurred. When the immune system is compromised,the person may interfere with "opportunistic infections" which are infections that are around us all the time and can usually be controlled by a healthy immune system. In addition, certain cancers or cancer occur as a result of a compromised immune system and cause damage to the brain and nervous system. These "symptoms" are not HIV, but from opportunistic infections, so long as the damaged immune system enough to start other infections, health problemsincreasingly difficult to manage.

The only way to know if a person is infected and to have them tested for HIV antibody. HIV and AIDS is a global epidemic, it is extremely important that people be educated in the disease.

Zidovudine (trade name Retrovir), formerly known as AZT by the name of chemical synthesis, azidothymidine, is known the drug frequently used in the treatment of HIV infection. The drug inhibits HIV replication by interfering with the process of reverseTranscription, the particle is necessary for the production of new viruses.

Zidovudine has been through clinical trials in 1986 has proven to be effective in improving survival in patients with AIDS and has since been approved as the first choice for the treatment of HIV infection in Europe, North America and Australia. The drug seems to be temporarily disease progression and death in people who delay the symptoms of HIV infection, but not significantly delay the development of AIDS inHIV-positive people without symptoms.

Zidovudine is increasingly prescribed as part of combination therapy of anti-viral drugs, and a recent international study in the UK and was conducted in the United States, has shown that this approach leads to much improved survival rate compared to treatment with zidovudine alone.

It seems to be a significant protective effect against HIV in the brain disease, and dementia. This is due to the ease with which the drug across the blood-brain barrier, aThen the quality is not shared by other anti-HIV drugs, which must be used. The lack of emphasis on effective treatment of HIV, more is spent on prevention strategies. All blood donors are screened for HIV, greatly reduces the chances of HIV infection from transfusion of blood or factor VIII for hemophiliacs.

A major prevention strategy has been to change behavior through education and promotion of safe sex. This was promoted through advertising andEducation, with the television in the forefront to promote the use of condoms, especially for young people.

The transmission of HIV by intravenous drug users is also low education, and is also a program funded by the government exchange of syringes, clean needles where they can be obtained free of charge so that the infection to be passed to stop sharing contaminated needles.

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